In 1957, FIDE introduced norms (qualifying standards) for FIDE titles. The titles were awarded by a vote of the FIDE Congress before the requirements became more formalized. FIDE's first titles were awarded in 1950 and consisted of 27 Grandmasters (GMs), 94 International Masters (IMs), and 17 Woman International Masters (WIMs), known at the time simply as Woman Masters (WM)s. The term "Grandmaster", in the form of the German loan word Großmeister, was a formal title in the Soviet Union, and had also been in informal use for the world's elite players for several decades before its institution by FIDE in 1950. From the late 19th century and onwards, various national chess federations began to draw up formal requirements for the use of such a title. The term "master" for a strong chess player was initially used informally. For example, Magnus Carlsen may be styled as "GM Magnus Carlsen". Titles for correspondence chess, chess problem composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE.Ī chess title, usually in an abbreviated form, may be used as an honorific. FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, organizers and trainers.
Many strong female players hold both open and women's titles. Open titles may be earned by all players, while women's titles are restricted to female players. Once awarded, titles are held for life except in cases of fraud or cheating. Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and norms (performance benchmarks in competitions including other titled players). The highest such title is Grandmaster (GM). Title for chess players awarded by FIDE Magnus Carlsen is a Grandmaster.įIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE ( Fédération Internationale des Échecs) for outstanding performance.
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